Stigma and bias
Stigma happens when people are judged, labeled, blamed, or treated differently because of their mental health, emotions, behaviors, or substance use experiences. Stigma can make youth and families feel ashamed, isolated, or afraid to ask for help. It may also prevent people from talking openly about what they are experiencing or getting the support they need.
Creating supportive, judgment-free environments helps young people feel safer reaching out for help and talking honestly about their struggles.
Understanding stigma
Mental health challenges and substance use can affect people from all backgrounds, communities, and families. These experiences do not define a person’s worth, character, or future.
Unfortunately, some harmful beliefs still exist, such as:
• “Substance use is a choice or moral failure.”
• “Mental health challenges are a sign of weakness.”
• “Good families don’t experience these issues.”
• “Youth who struggle are just seeking attention.”
These beliefs can increase shame and make it harder for families and youth to seek support. Many factors influence whether someone struggles with mental health and/or substance use. Stress, trauma, environment, biology, relationships, and access to support all play a role and are often out of a person’s control.
How stigma impacts youth
When youth fear judgment or punishment, they may:
Hide their struggles
Avoid asking for help
Feel isolated or misunderstood
Experience lower self-esteem
Delay treatment or support
Withdraw from trusted adults
Youth are more likely to seek help when they feel accepted, supported, and listened to without fear of shame or criticism.
Language matters
The words we use can shape how young people view themselves and whether they feel supported.
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“A young person experiencing substance use challenges”
“Mental health condition”
“Person in recovery”
“Seeking support”
“Experiencing emotional distress”
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“Addict”
“Crazy”
“Attention-seeking”
“Drug abuser”
“Clean” or “dirty” when talking about substance use
Using respectful, person-first language helps reduce shame and supports dignity and healing.
Cultural stigma and bias
Different communities and cultures may have different beliefs about mental health, substance use, and seeking support. Some families may worry about judgment, discrimination, or being misunderstood.
Bias can also affect access to care. Youth from historically marginalized communities may face barriers such as:
• Lack of culturally responsive services
• Language barriers
• Financial limitations
• Fear of discrimination
• Limited access to healthcare or support systems
It is important that all youth and families feel seen, respected, and supported.
How parents and caregivers can help reduce stigma
Parents and caregivers can help create safe and supportive environments by:
Talking openly about emotions and mental health
Avoiding shame-based language
Listening without judgment
Encouraging help-seeking behaviors
Normalizing therapy and support services
Modeling empathy and compassion
Learning about mental health and substance use together
Small conversations and supportive responses can have a powerful impact on a young person’s willingness to ask for help.