Developmental factors

There is no single reason why a young person may use substances. Some experiences or situations may increase a young person’s risk for substance use or mental health challenges, including:

  • Academic pressure

  • Trauma or adverse experiences 

  • Social media comparison traps

  • Social isolation or bullying

  • Friendships and romantic relationships

  • Family responsibilities or tension

  • Future expectations and uncertainties 

  • Exposure to substances through peers and social situations

Some youth may turn to substances like alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, or other drugs as a way to cope with stress, fit in socially, or manage difficult emotions. Sometimes, teens are just bored and looking for ways to, in their words, “have fun.”

While some experimentation or risk-taking behaviors can be part of development, substance use can impact a young person’s brain, emotional health, relationships, academic success, and safety.

Developmental Factors

Research has shown that youth who engage in risky behaviors say they know the risks but believe social factors or perceived benefits outweigh them.

Adolescence is a period of major brain development. Youth are still developing skills related to:

• Decision-making

• Impulse control

• Emotional regulation

•Long-term thinking

Because of these developmental changes, youth may be more likely to:

• Take risks

• Seek new experiences

• Act impulsively

• Focus on short-term rewards

• Experiment out of curiosity

This does not mean risky behavior is inevitable, but it does mean youth benefit from guidance, structure, and support.

How you can help

Supportive relationships help youth build resilience and make healthier decisions over time.

  • Set clear and consistent expectations

  • Talk openly about risks and safety

  • Encourage healthy coping skills

  • Create opportunities for positive activities and connections

  • Model healthy behaviors